Original Research Article
Year: 2020 | Month: January-March | Volume: 5 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 112-119
A Study of Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease and Their Association with Premature Coronary Artery Disease among Patients Attending Tertiary Care Cardiac Hospital in Pune, Maharashtra
Vijay Sampath1, Sunil Agrawal2, Arun Sampath3, Swathi Y.K4
1OIC Station Health Organisation& Graded Specialist (Comm.Med), Air Force Station,Pune
2Group Captain-Med Services (Health)&Senior Advisor (Comm.Med),Air HQ,N.Delhi,
3Senior Consultant (Chest Physician)& MD(Pulm.Medicine), MIOT Hospital, Chennai,
4Diploma, Post Diploma-DNB (ENT) resident, Sakra World Hospital, Bangalore.
Corresponding Author: Vijay Sampath
ABSTRACT
Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) occurs due to atherosclerosis of blood vessels and CAD occurring in men before the age of 45 years is understood as premature CAD (P-CAD). P-CAD presents with wide-ranging features as compared with late-onset CAD. Worldwide, morbidity and mortality due to premature CAD are rising on an alarming level.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of coronary risk factors of CAD and their association with premature CAD was conducted among male patients of freshly diagnosed and confirmed cases of CAD attending tertiary care cardiac hospital in Pune, Maharashtra. The estimated sample size was n=216. Only those patients who were freshly diagnosed as confirmed CAD and gave consent to participate in the study were included. Patients with known CAD attending either for the follow-up or review were excluded. A face-face interview method and a self-administered questionnaire were used to collect the data from the participants. Before interviewing them, they were informed of the scope and nature of the study, and their confidentiality was maintained. Data on risk factors were collected from demographic information, the previous history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, family history of CAD or sudden cardiac death, exercises they undergo, and history of smoking and alcohol use. Anthropometric measurements and clinical evaluations were carried out. The study was conducted for a period of one year and a total of 232 newly diagnosed CAD patients attended the study hospital. A pilot study was carried among thirty CAD patients. Since there aren’t any significant revisions of the questionnaire, results from the pilot study were also included.
Results: Out of 232 participants, 109 (47%) and 123 (53%) were premature CAD and late-onset CAD patients respectively. The mean age of the participants was 44.1±7.1 years. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, alcohol use, psychosocial factors (anxiety and depression) and family history of CAD were present in 42.2%, 88%, 22%, 65%, 66%, 35.8%, 42.2% and 19.3% of premature CAD patients respectively. Physical inactivity, overweight, and obesity were found in 54%, 69.4% and 14.7%of 232 participants respectively.
Conclusion: Young population warrant cost-effective interventions through various Information, Education and Communication (IEC) activities to impede the increasing incidence of premature coronary artery disease.
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, premature coronary artery disease, coronary risk factors